{"id":10732,"date":"2025-01-30T07:18:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T05:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/?page_id=10732"},"modified":"2025-02-05T10:19:38","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T08:19:38","slug":"insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/","title":{"rendered":"Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The&nbsp;<b>insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793<\/b>&nbsp;(<a title=\"French language\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language\">French<\/a>:&nbsp;<i lang=\"fr\">Journ\u00e9es du 31 mai et du 2 juin 1793<\/i>,&nbsp;<abbr title=\"literal translation\">lit.<\/abbr>\u2009<span class=\"gloss-quot\">&#8216;<\/span><span class=\"gloss-text\">Day of 31 May to 2 June 1793<\/span><span class=\"gloss-quot\">&#8216;<\/span>), during the French Revolution, started after the&nbsp;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_Commune_(1789%E2%80%931795)\">Paris commune<\/a>&nbsp;demanded that 22&nbsp;<a title=\"Girondins\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Girondins\">Girondin<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Deputy (France)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deputy_(France)\">deputies<\/a>&nbsp;and members of the&nbsp;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commission_of_Twelve\">Commission of Twelve<\/a>&nbsp;should be brought before the&nbsp;<a title=\"Revolutionary Tribunal\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutionary_Tribunal\">Revolutionary Tribunal<\/a>.&nbsp;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Paul_Marat\">Jean-Paul Marat<\/a>&nbsp;led the attack on the representatives in the National Convention, who in January had voted against the&nbsp;<a title=\"Execution of Louis XVI\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_of_Louis_XVI\">execution of the King<\/a>&nbsp;and since then had paralyzed the convention. It ended after thousands of armed citizens surrounded the convention to force it to deliver the deputies denounced by the Commune. The insurrection resulted in the fall of 29 Girondins and two ministers under pressure of the&nbsp;<i><a title=\"Sans-culottes\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sans-culottes\">sans-culottes<\/a><\/i>,&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Jacobin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobin\">Jacobins<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a title=\"The Mountain\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Mountain\">Montagnards<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Due to its impact and importance, the insurrection stands as one of the three great popular insurrections of the French Revolution, following those of&nbsp;<a title=\"Storming of the Bastille\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storming_of_the_Bastille\">14 July 1789<\/a>&nbsp;(the storming of the&nbsp;<a title=\"Bastille\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bastille\">Bastille<\/a>) and&nbsp;<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792\">10 August 1792<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988178_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988178-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The principal conspirators were the&nbsp;<a title=\"Enrag\u00e9s\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrag%C3%A9s\">Enrag\u00e9s<\/a>: Claude-Emmanuel Dobsen and&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Varlet\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet\">Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Varlet<\/a>.&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Nicolas Pache\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Nicolas_Pache\">Jean-Nicolas Pache<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"Pierre Gaspard Chaumette\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette\">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette<\/a>&nbsp;led the march on the convention.<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contents<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Background\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Background<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Toward_the_crisis\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Toward the crisis<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Thursday,_30_May\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Thursday, 30 May<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Friday,_31_May\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Friday, 31 May<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Saturday,_1_June\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Saturday, 1 June<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Sunday,_2_June\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Sunday, 2 June<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Aftermath\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Aftermath<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Notes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Notes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#Sources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Background\">Background<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>During the government of the&nbsp;<a title=\"Legislative Assembly (France)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legislative_Assembly_(France)\">Legislative Assembly<\/a>&nbsp;(October 1791\u2013September 1792), the Girondins had dominated French politics.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Shus-5_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-Shus-5-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>After the&nbsp;<a title=\"Insurrection of 10 August 1792\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792\">insurrection of 10 August<\/a>&nbsp;and the start of the newly elected National Convention in September 1792, the Girondin faction (c. 150) was larger than the Montagnards (c. 120), the other main faction of the convention. Most ministries were in the hands of friends or allies of the Girondins,<sup id=\"cite_ref-Shus-6_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-Shus-6-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;and the state bureaucracy and the provinces remained under their control.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Toward_the_crisis\">Toward the crisis<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure data-wp-editing=\"1\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/280px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/420px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/560px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg 2x\" width=\"280\" height=\"189\" data-file-width=\"1627\" data-file-height=\"1100\"><\/a>On 5 April, the&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Jacobin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacobin\">Jacobins<\/a>, presided over by&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Paul Marat\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Paul_Marat\">Jean-Paul Marat<\/a>, sent a circular letter to popular societies in the provinces inviting them to ask for the recall and dismissal of those&nbsp;<i><a title=\"Deputy (France)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deputy_(France)\">d\u00e9put\u00e9s<\/a><\/i>&nbsp;who had voted that the decision to execute the King be referred back to the people. This move targeted the Girondins, whose votes to not immediately execute the King were seen as anti-revolutionary. In response, on 13 April, Girondin&nbsp;<a title=\"Marguerite-\u00c9lie Guadet\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marguerite-%C3%89lie_Guadet\">Marguerite-\u00c9lie Guadet<\/a>&nbsp;proposed that Marat be charged for having, as president of the club, signed that circular. The proposal was passed by the convention by 226 votes to 93, with 47 abstentions, following a heated debate. On the 15th, 35 of the 48 Paris sections responded with a petition to the Convention couched in threatening terms against the 22 prominent Girondins.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Please clarify\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Please_clarify\"><span title=\"Clarify: what did those Paris sections bring up as complaints against whom? (June 2017)\">clarification needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974307_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974307-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Marat&#8217;s case was passed to the Revolutionary Tribunal, where Marat offered himself as &#8220;the apostle and martyr of liberty&#8221;, and he was triumphantly acquitted on 24 April.<\/figure>\n<p>After this failure, the Gironde turned its attack on the&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Paris Commune (French Revolution)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution)\">Paris Commune<\/a>. On 17 May&nbsp;<a title=\"Camille Desmoulins\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camille_Desmoulins\">Camille Desmoulins<\/a>&#8216;s pamphlet,&nbsp;<i>L&#8217;Histoire des Brissotin<\/i>, was read at the Jacobin club describing them as&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Enemies of the people\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enemies_of_the_people\">enemies of the people<\/a>; Guadet denounced the Commune, describing them as &#8220;authorities devoted to anarchy, and greedy for both money and political domination&#8221;.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>&nbsp;He proposed that they be quashed immediately. The&nbsp;<a title=\"Commission of Twelve\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commission_of_Twelve\">Commission of Twelve<\/a>, composed entirely of Girondins, was set up to look into the matter. On 24 May, the commission ordered the arrest of&nbsp;<a title=\"Jacques H\u00e9bert\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert\">Jacques H\u00e9bert<\/a>&nbsp;for article in the&nbsp;<a title=\"Le P\u00e8re Duchesne\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_P%C3%A8re_Duchesne\"><i>P\u00e8re Duchesne<\/i><\/a>, alongside other popular militants including Varlet and Dobsen, president of the&nbsp;<i>Cit\u00e9<\/i>&nbsp;section. These unpopular measures brought on the final crisis.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>On 25 May, the Commune demanded that the arrested patriots be released. In reply, Girondin&nbsp;<a title=\"Maximin Isnard\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maximin_Isnard\">Maximin Isnard<\/a>, presiding over the convention, launched into a bitter and threatening diatribe against Paris reminiscent of the&nbsp;<a title=\"Brunswick Manifesto\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunswick_Manifesto\">Brunswick Manifesto<\/a>, saying,<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\"><p>If any attack [be] made on the persons of the representatives of the nation, then I declare to you in the name of the whole country that Paris would be destroyed; soon people would be searching along the banks of the Seine to find out whether Paris had ever existed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>On 26 May, after a week of silence, Robespierre delivered one of the most decisive speeches of his career.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014442_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014442-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;He openly called at the Jacobin Club &#8220;to place themselves in insurrection against corrupt deputies&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989722_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989722-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Isnard declared that the convention would not be influenced by any violence and that Paris had to respect the representatives from elsewhere in France.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The Convention decided Robespierre would not be heard. (During the whole debate Robespierre sat on the gallery.) The atmosphere became extremely agitated. Some deputies were willing to kill if Isnard dared to declare civil war in Paris; the president was asked to give up his seat. The Convention caved to pressure and released Varlet and Dobsen on the 27th, only three days after their arrest.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>&nbsp;On 28 May a weak Robespierre excused himself twice for his physical condition but attacked in particular Brissot of royalism. He referred to 25 July 1792 where their points of view split.<sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Robespierre left the convention after applause from the left side and went to the town hall.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;There he called for an armed insurrection against the majority of the convention. &#8220;If the Commune does not unite closely with the people, it violates its most sacred duty&#8221;, he said.<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;In the afternoon the Commune demanded the creation of a Revolutionary army of sansculottes in every town of France, including 20,000 men to defend Paris.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989722_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989722-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;29 May was occupied in preparing the public mind, according to historian&nbsp;<a title=\"Fran\u00e7ois Mignet\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mignet\">Fran\u00e7ois Mignet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Thursday,_30_May\"><span id=\"Thursday.2C_30_May\"><\/span>Thursday, 30 May<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure data-wp-editing=\"1\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/ff\/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg\/280px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/ff\/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg\/420px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/ff\/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg\/560px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpg 2x\" width=\"280\" height=\"401\" data-file-width=\"3350\" data-file-height=\"4793\"><\/a>Delegates representing 33 of the sections met at the&nbsp;<i>\u00c9v\u00each\u00e9<\/i>&nbsp;(the Bishop&#8217;s Palace behind the&nbsp;<a title=\"Notre-Dame de Paris\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Notre-Dame_de_Paris\">Notre-Dame de Paris<\/a>) declared themselves in a state of insurrection against the aristocratic factions and the oppression of liberty. A committee of nine was appointed to lead the revolt.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Most of the committee members were comparatively young men and little known.&nbsp;<\/figure>\n<p>On the same day, several new members were added to the Committee of Public Safety: Saint-Just,&nbsp;<a title=\"Georges Couthon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georges_Couthon\">Couthon<\/a>, and <a title=\"Marie-Jean H\u00e9rault de S\u00e9chelles\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles\">H\u00e9rault de Seychelles<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-23\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Seine department\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seine_department#History#Formation\">Department of Paris<\/a>&nbsp;gave its support to the movement, and in name of the sections&nbsp;<a title=\"Fran\u00e7ois Hanriot\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot\">Fran\u00e7ois Hanriot<\/a>&nbsp;was appointed &#8220;<i>Commandant-General<\/i>&#8221; of the Parisian National Guard by the vice-president of the convention. At 3 o&#8217;clock in the afternoon, the tocsin in the Notre-Dame was rung, in the streets barriers were erected and the city gates were closed.<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-24\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The insurrection was directed by the committee at the&nbsp;<i>\u00c9v\u00each\u00e9<\/i>&nbsp;(the Bishop&#8217;s Palace Committee).<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Friday,_31_May\"><span id=\"Friday.2C_31_May\"><\/span>Friday, 31 May<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure>\n<p><figure style=\"width: 458px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg\/280px-The_elimination_of_Girondins.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"458\" height=\"343\" data-file-width=\"6967\" data-file-height=\"5233\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The uprising of the Parisian sans-culottes from 31 May to 2 June 1793. The scene takes place in front of the Deputies Chamber in the Tuileries. The depiction shows&nbsp;Marie-Jean H\u00e9rault de S\u00e9chelles&nbsp;and&nbsp;Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-wp-editing=\"1\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg\/280px-Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg\/420px-Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg\/560px-Pierre-Vergniaud02.jpg 2x\" width=\"280\" height=\"352\" data-file-width=\"838\" data-file-height=\"1053\"><\/a>At six o&#8217;clock in the morning, the delegates of the 33 sections, led by Dobsen, fired the alarm-gun,<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-25\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>24<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;presented themselves at the&nbsp;<i><a title=\"H\u00f4tel de Ville, Paris\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris\">H\u00f4tel de Ville<\/a><\/i>, showed the full powers with which the members had invested them, and suppressed the Commune, whose members had retired to the adjourning room. The revolutionary delegates provisionally reinstated the Commune in its functions, dissolved the general council of the Commune, and immediately reconstituted it, requiring members to take a new oath.&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Nicolas Pache\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Nicolas_Pache\">Jean-Nicolas Pache<\/a>, the mayor was dismissed or refused? They ordered the arrest of&nbsp;<a title=\"Pierre Henri H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Marie Lebrun-Tondu\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu\">LeBrun-Tondu<\/a>,&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Etienne Clavi\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Etienne_Clavi%C3%A8re\">Etienne Clavi\u00e8re<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Jean-Marie Roland\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Marie_Roland\">Jean-Marie Roland<\/a>.<\/figure>\n<p>The insurgent committee, which was now sitting at the&nbsp;<i>H\u00f4tel de Ville<\/i>, dictated to the Commune, now reinstated by the people, what measures it was to take. It secured the nomination of Fran\u00e7ois Hanriot,&nbsp;<i>Commandant<\/i>&nbsp;of the battalion of the&nbsp;<i>Jardin des Plantes<\/i>, as sole commander-in-chief of the National Guard of Paris. It was decided that the poorer National Guards who were under arms should receive pay at the rate of 40<i>&nbsp;<a title=\"French sol\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_sol\">sous<\/a><\/i>&nbsp;a day. The assembly of the Parisian authorities, summoned by the departmental assembly, resolved to cooperate with the Commune and the insurrectionary committee, whose numbers were raised to 21 by the addition of delegates from the meeting at the Jacobins.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929323_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929323-26\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>25<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Hanriot&#8217;s first care was to seize key positions\u2014the&nbsp;<i><a title=\"Bassin de l'Arsenal\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bassin_de_l%27Arsenal\">Bassin de l&#8217;Arsenal<\/a><\/i>, the&nbsp;<a title=\"Place des Vosges\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Place_des_Vosges\"><i>Place Royale<\/i><\/a>, and the&nbsp;<i><a title=\"Pont Neuf\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pont_Neuf\">Pont Neuf<\/a><\/i>. Next, the barriers were closed and prominent suspects arrested.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354-27\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The Conseil-General ordered that the tocsin in the&nbsp;<a title=\"Notre-Dame de Paris\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Notre-Dame_de_Paris\">Notre-Dame<\/a>&nbsp;should stop ringing.<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-28\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>27<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The sections were very slow in getting under way, as the workers were at their jobs. Hanriot ordered a cannon fired on the&nbsp;<i>Pont-Neuf<\/i>&nbsp;as a sign of alarm. When the Convention assembled,&nbsp;<a title=\"Georges Danton\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georges_Danton\">Georges Danton<\/a>&nbsp;rushed to the tribune, allegedly saying,<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobespierre1958543in_Tome_IX,_Discours_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobespierre1958543in_Tome_IX,_Discours-29\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>28<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\"><p>Break up the Commission of Twelve! You have heard the thunder of the cannon. Girondins protested against the closing of the city gates, against the tocsin and alarm-gun without the approval of the convention; Vergniaud suggested arresting Henriot. In his turn, Robespierre urged the arrest of the Girondins, who had supported the installation of the Commission of Twelve.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Around ten in the morning, 12,000 armed citizens appeared to protect the Convention against the arrest of Girondin deputies.<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-30\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>29<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>At about five o&#8217;clock in the afternoon, petitioners from the sections and the Commune appeared at the bar of the convention. They demanded that 22 Girondin deputies and members of the Commission of Twelve be brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal, a central revolutionary army be raised, the price of bread be fixed at three&nbsp;<i>sous<\/i>&nbsp;a pound, nobles holding senior rank in the army be dismissed, armories be created for arming the&nbsp;<i><a title=\"Sans-culottes\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sans-culottes\">sans-culottes<\/a><\/i>, the&nbsp;<a title=\"Departments of France\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Departments_of_France\">departments of France<\/a>&nbsp;be purged, suspects be arrested, the right to vote provisionally be reserved to&nbsp;<i>sans-culottes<\/i>&nbsp;only, and a fund be set apart for the relatives of those defending their country and for the relief of the aged and infirm.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The petitioners made their way into the hall and sat down beside the Montagnards. Robespierre ascended the Tribune and supported the suppression of the commissions. When&nbsp;<a title=\"Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud\">Vergniaud<\/a>&nbsp;called upon him to conclude, Robespierre turned towards him and allegedly said,<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\"><p>Yes, I will conclude, but it will be against you! Against you, who, after the&nbsp;<a title=\"Insurrection of 10 August 1792\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792\">revolution of 10 August<\/a>, wanted to send those responsible for it to the scaffold; against you, who have never ceased to incite to the destruction of Paris; against you, who wanted to save the tyrant; against you, who conspired with&nbsp;<a title=\"Charles Fran\u00e7ois Dumouriez\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez#Dumouriez'_defection\">Dumouriez<\/a>&nbsp;&#8230; Well, my conclusion is the prosecution of all Dumouriez&#8217;s accomplices and all those whose names have been mentioned by the petitioners&nbsp;&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>To this Vergniaud did not reply. The Convention suppressed the Commission of Twelve and approved the ordinance of the Commune, granting two&nbsp;<i><a title=\"French livre\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_livre\">livres<\/a><\/i>&nbsp;a day to workmen under arms.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929324_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929324-31\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>30<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Yet, the rising of 31 May ended unsatisfactorily. Robespierre had declared from the Tribune that the&nbsp;<i>journ\u00e9e<\/i>&nbsp;of 31 May was not enough. At the Jacobins club,&nbsp;<a title=\"Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques-Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne\">Billaud-Varenne<\/a>&nbsp;echoed the sentiment, supposedly saying, &#8220;Our country is not saved; there were important measures of public safety that had to be taken; it was today that we had to strike the final blows against factionalism&#8221;. The Commune, declaring itself duped, demanded and prepared a &#8220;supplement&#8221; to the revolution.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Saturday,_1_June\"><span id=\"Saturday.2C_1_June\"><\/span>Saturday, 1 June<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure><figcaption><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpeg\/280px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bc\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpeg\/420px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpeg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bc\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot.jpeg 2x\" width=\"280\" height=\"466\" data-file-width=\"535\" data-file-height=\"890\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On Saturday, the Commune gathered almost all day, devoted to the preparation of a great movement to the&nbsp;<a title=\"Vend\u00e9e\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vend%C3%A9e\">Vend\u00e9e<\/a>, according to historian Fran\u00e7ois Mignet. The National Guard remained under arms.&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Paul Marat\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Paul_Marat\">Marat<\/a>&nbsp;himself repaired to the&nbsp;<a title=\"H\u00f4tel de Ville, Paris\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris\">H\u00f4tel de Ville, Paris<\/a>&nbsp;and gave, with emphatic solemnity, a &#8220;counsel&#8221; to the people\u2014namely, to remain at the ready and not to quit until victory was theirs. He climbed to the belfry of the town hall and rang the tocsin. The Convention broke the session at six o&#8217;clock, at the time when the Commune was to present a new petition against the 22 Girondins. At the tocsin sound, it assembled again, and the petition demanding the arrest of the Girondins was referred to the Committee of Public Safety for examination and report within three days.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110_32-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;It ordered |Hanriot to surround the Convention &#8220;with a respectable armed force&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-33\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>32<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In the evening, 40,000 men surrounded the National Palace to force the arrest of the deputies. At 21:00, the convention, presided over by&nbsp;<a title=\"Henri Gr\u00e9goire\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire\">Henri Gr\u00e9goire<\/a>, opened the session. Marat led the attack on the Girondin representatives, who in January had voted against immediate execution of the King and since then had paralyzed the convention.<sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-34\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>33<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-The_Jacobin_Clubs_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-The_Jacobin_Clubs-35\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>34<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Several were accused of corresponding with General Dumouriez, who since his defection in early April was seen as a traitor to the Revolution. The Committee of Public Safety postponed decisions on the accused deputies for three days, even though Marat demanded a decision within a day.<sup id=\"cite_ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-36\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>35<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Unsatisfied with the result, the Commune demanded and prepared a &#8220;Supplement&#8221; to the revolution.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110_32-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110-32\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>31<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>During the night of 1\u20132 June, the insurrectionary committee, by agreement with the Commune, ordered Hanriot to &#8220;surround the Convention with an armed force sufficient to command respect, in order that the chiefs of the faction may be arrested during the day, in case the Convention refused to accede to the request of the citizens of Paris&#8221;. Orders were given to suppress the Girondin newspapers and arrest their editors.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929325_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929325-37\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>36<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The&nbsp;<i>Comit\u00e9 insurrectionnel<\/i>&nbsp;ordered the arrest of ministers&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Marie Roland de la Plati\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re\">Jean-Marie Roland<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"\u00c9tienne Clavi\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re\">\u00c9tienne Clavi\u00e8re<\/a>. That night, Paris changed into a military camp, according to author&nbsp;<a title=\"Otto Flake\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Flake\">Otto Flake<\/a>.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Sunday,_2_June\"><span id=\"Sunday.2C_2_June\"><\/span>Sunday, 2 June<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure data-wp-editing=\"1\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune,_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793,_G.20367.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune%2C_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793%2C_G.20367.jpg\/280px-Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune%2C_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793%2C_G.20367.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune%2C_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793%2C_G.20367.jpg\/420px-Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune%2C_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793%2C_G.20367.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune%2C_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793%2C_G.20367.jpg\/560px-Lanjuinais_%C3%A0_la_tribune%2C_journ%C3%A9es_du_31_mai_au_2_juin_1793%2C_G.20367.jpg 2x\" width=\"280\" height=\"204\" data-file-width=\"3000\" data-file-height=\"2181\"><\/a>On Sunday, Hanriot was ordered to march his National Guard from the town hall to the&nbsp;<a title=\"Tuileries Palace\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuileries_Palace\">National Palace<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Popkin66_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-Popkin66-38\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>37<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The Convention invited Hanriot, who told them all his men were prepared. In the morning, according to historians&nbsp;<a title=\"Louis Madelin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Madelin\">Louis Madelin<\/a>&nbsp;and Fran\u00e7ois Mignet, a large force of armed citizens (estimated by some as 80\u2013100,000, but by Danton as only 30,000<sup id=\"cite_ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-39\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>38<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>) surrounded the convention with 48 pieces of artillery. &#8220;The armed force&#8221;, Hanriot supposedly said, &#8220;will retire only when the Convention has delivered to the people the deputies denounced by the Commune&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-gallica_12148_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-gallica_12148-40\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>39<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;The Committee of Public Safety did not know how to react. The Girondins believed they were protected by the law, but the people on the galleries called for their arrest. The 300 deputies, confronted on all sides by bayonets and pikes, returned to the meeting hall and submitted to the inevitable. 22 Girondins were seized one by one after some juggling with names.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447-41\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>40<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;They finally decided that 31 deputies were not to be imprisoned,<sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-42\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>note 2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;but only subject to house arrest.<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-43\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>41<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-halign-right\">\n<p><figure style=\"width: 505px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Les_Girondins_marchent_%C3%A0_la_mort.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/Les_Girondins_marchent_%C3%A0_la_mort.jpg\/280px-Les_Girondins_marchent_%C3%A0_la_mort.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"505\" height=\"366\" data-file-width=\"1736\" data-file-height=\"1259\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arrest of the Girondins at the National Convention on 2 June 1793<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the convention, <a title=\"Jean-Denis Lanjuinais\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Denis_Lanjuinais\">Lanjuinais<\/a>&nbsp;denounced the revolt of the Paris Commune and asked for its suppression. &#8220;I demand&#8221;, he supposedly said, &#8220;to speak respecting the general call to arms now beating throughout Paris&#8221;. He was immediately interrupted by cries of, &#8220;Down! down! He wants civil war! He wants a counter-revolution! He defames Paris! He insults the people&#8221;. Despite the threats, the insults, the clamours of the Mountain and the galleries, Lanjuinais denounced the projects of the Commune and of the malcontents. His courage rose with the danger. &#8220;You accuse us&#8221;, he supposedly said, &#8220;of defaming Paris! Paris is pure; Paris is good; Paris is oppressed by tyrants who thirst for blood and dominion&#8221;. These words were the signal for the most violent tumult. Several Mountain deputies rushed to the Tribune to tear Lanjuinais from it, but he, clinging firmly to it, exclaimed, in accents of the loftiest courage,<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"templatequote\"><p>I demand the dissolution of all the revolutionist authorities in Paris. I demand that all they have done during the last three days may be declared null. I demand that all who would arrogate to themselves a new authority contrary to law, be placed outside the law and that every citizen is at liberty to punish them.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The petitioners went out shaking their fists at the Convention and shouting, &#8220;To arms!&#8221; Strict orders were given by Hanriot forbidding the National Guard to let any deputy go in or out. In the name of the Committee of Public Safety, Plains member&nbsp;<a title=\"Bertrand Bar\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re\">Bertrand Bar\u00e8re<\/a>&nbsp;proposed a compromise: the 22 and the 12 would not be arrested but instead be called upon to voluntarily suspend the exercise of their functions. Arrested Girondins&nbsp;<a title=\"Maximin Isnard\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maximin_Isnard\">Maximin Isnard<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"Claude Fauchet (revolutionist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claude_Fauchet_(revolutionist)\">Claude Fauchet<\/a>&nbsp;obeyed on the spot. Others refused. While this was going on,&nbsp;<a title=\"Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Delacroix\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Delacroix\">Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Delacroix<\/a>, a deputy of the Mountain, rushed into the convention, hurried to the Tribune, and declared that he had been insulted at the door, that he had been refused egress, and that the convention was no longer free. Many of the Mountain expressed their indignation at Hanriot and his troops. Danton said it was necessary to vigorously avenge this insult to the national honour. Bar\u00e8re proposed that the members of the Convention present themselves to the people. &#8220;Representatives&#8221;, he supposedly said, &#8220;vindicate your liberty; suspend your sitting; cause the bayonets that surround you to be lowered&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298_45-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298-45\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>At the prompting of Bar\u00e8re, the whole Convention, minus the left of the Montagne, started out, led by the president,&nbsp;<a title=\"Marie-Jean H\u00e9rault de S\u00e9chelles\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles\">H\u00e9rault de S\u00e9chelles<\/a>, and attempted to exit through the wall of steel with which they were surrounded. On arriving at a door on the&nbsp;<i><a title=\"Place du Carrousel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Place_du_Carrousel\">Place du Carrousel<\/a><\/i>, they found Hanriot on horseback, saber in hand. &#8220;What do the people require?&#8221;, H\u00e9rault de S\u00e9chelles supposedly asked, adding, &#8220;The convention is wholly engaged in promoting their happiness&#8221;. &#8220;H\u00e9rault&#8221;, Hanriot supposedly replied, &#8220;the people have not risen to hear phrases; they require twenty-four traitors to be given up to them&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-47\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>note 3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;Give us all up!&#8221;, those who surrounded the president supposedly cried. Hanriot then turned to his people and gave the order, &#8220;<i>Canonniers, a vos pieces!<\/i>&#8221; (&#8220;Cannoneers, to your guns!&#8221;).<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298_45-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298-45\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>43<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;Two pieces were directed upon the convention, who, retiring to the gardens, sought an outlet at various points, but found all the issues guarded.<\/p>\n<p>The deputies walked round the palace, repulsed by bayonets on all sides, only to return and submit.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929326_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929326-48\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>45<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;A screaming&nbsp;<a title=\"Jean-Paul Marat\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Paul_Marat\">Marat<\/a>&nbsp;forced the deputies to go back to the hall. The next day, the interior minister&nbsp;<a title=\"Dominique Joseph Garat\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominique_Joseph_Garat\">Garat<\/a>&nbsp;forced Danton to disavow the events from the evening before.<sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-49\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>46<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;On the motion of&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Couthon\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Couthon\">Couthon<\/a>, the Convention voted for the suspension and house arrest (<i>arrestation chex eux<\/i>), under the guard of a gendarme, of 29 Girondin members, together with ministers&nbsp;<a title=\"\u00c9tienne Clavi\u00e8re\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re\">Clavi\u00e8re<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"Pierre Henri H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Marie Lebrun-Tondu\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu\">Lebrun-Tondu<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354_27-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354-27\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>26<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-50\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>note 4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Aftermath\">Aftermath<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<figure><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Thus, the struggle which had begun in the National Convention ended in the triumph of the Montagnards. The Girondins ceased to be a political force. They had declared war without knowing how to conduct it, denounced the King but shrunk from completely condemning him, contributed to the worsening of the economic crisis, and swept aside all claims made by the popular movement.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974311_51-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974311-51\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>47<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The 31 May insurrection soon came to be regarded as one of the great&nbsp;<i>journ\u00e9es<\/i>&nbsp;of the Revolution. It shared with&nbsp;<a title=\"Storming of the Bastille\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storming_of_the_Bastille\">14 July 1789<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a title=\"Insurrection of 10 August 1792\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792\">10 August 1792<\/a>&nbsp;the honor of having a ship of the line named after it. But the results of the crisis left all the participants dissatisfied. Danton&#8217;s hopes of last-minute compromise had been shattered. Although the Montagnards had succeeded in averting bloodshed, the outrage at the convention would set the provinces on fire in the&nbsp;<a title=\"Federalist revolts\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federalist_revolts\">Federalist revolts<\/a>. But the Montagnards now had a chance to govern the country and to infuse new energy into national defense.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988180_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988180-52\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>48<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Though for the popular movement, most of the demands presented to the convention were not achieved, the insurrection 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793 inaugurated a new phase in the Revolution. On 3 June the convention decided to split up the land belonging to&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u00c9migr\u00e9s\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89migr%C3%A9s\">\u00c9migr\u00e9s<\/a>&nbsp;and sell it to farmers,<sup id=\"cite_ref-53\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-53\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>49<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a title=\"General Maximum\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Maximum\">maximum on grain prices<\/a>&nbsp;was introduced, a&nbsp;<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"fr:Arm\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionaire (1793)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arm%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9volutionaire_(1793)\">revolutionary army<\/a>&nbsp;would be organized, and every citizen would be armed.<sup id=\"cite_ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-54\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>50<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> In the course of summer 1793, governmental power moved into the provisional Committee of Public Safety, and the Jacobin&nbsp;<a title=\"French First Republic\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_First_Republic\">First Republic<\/a>&nbsp;began its offensive against the enemies of the Revolution.<\/p>\n<p>The 73 deputies who voted against the insurrection,<sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-57\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>53<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_note-58\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>54<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> were imprisoned early October and reinstalled for 14 months in December 1794 or in March 1795.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Notes\">Notes<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-42\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">19 Girondins, ten members of the Commission of Twelve and two ministers, Lebrun-Tondu and Clavi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"References\">References<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"reflist\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988178-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988178_1-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFHampson1988\">Hampson 1988<\/a>, p.&nbsp;178.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Shus-5-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-Shus-5_2-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"languageicon\">(in Dutch)<\/span>&nbsp;Noah Shusterman \u2013&nbsp;<i>De Franse Revolutie (The French Revolution).<\/i>&nbsp;Veen Media, Amsterdam, 2015. (Translation of:&nbsp;<i>The French Revolution. Faith, Desire, and Politics.<\/i>&nbsp;Routledge, London\/New York, 2014.) Chapter 5 (pp. 187\u2013221)&nbsp;: The end of the monarchy and the September Murders (summer \u2013 fall 1792).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Shus-6-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-Shus-6_3-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"languageicon\">(in Dutch)<\/span>&nbsp;Noah Shusterman \u2013&nbsp;<i>De Franse Revolutie (The French Revolution).<\/i>&nbsp;Veen Media, Amsterdam, 2015. (Translation of:&nbsp;<i>The French Revolution. Faith, Desire, and Politics.<\/i>&nbsp;Routledge, London\/New York, 2014.) Chapter 6 (pp. 223\u2013269)&nbsp;: The new French republic and its enemies (fall 1792 \u2013 summer 1793).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974307-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974307_11-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFSoboul1974\">Soboul 1974<\/a>, p.&nbsp;307.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309_12-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974309_12-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFSoboul1974\">Soboul 1974<\/a>, p.&nbsp;309.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014442-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014442_13-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFIsrael2014\">Israel 2014<\/a>, p.&nbsp;442.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTESchama1989722-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989722_14-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchama1989722_14-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFSchama1989\">Schama 1989<\/a>, p.&nbsp;722.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-15\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFTernaux1869\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Ternaux, Mortimer (1869).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=G3fSAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA276\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Histoire de la terreur, 1792\u20131794<\/i><\/a>. Vol.&nbsp;7. Michel L\u00e9vy fr\u00e8res. p.&nbsp;276.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-16\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 30 mai 1793, p. 3<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-17\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFEllery1915\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Ellery, Eloise (12 March 1915).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=0sI-AAAAYAAJ&amp;q=25+july+1792+Brissot\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Brissot de Warville: A Study in the History of the French Revolution &#8230;&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;New York \u2013 via Google Books.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-18\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFRobespierre1793\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Robespierre, Maximilien (12 March 1793).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=6wPSAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=Jacobins++dangers+Patrie++mesures+vigoureuses&amp;pg=PA637\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre&#8221;<\/a>. E. Leroux \u2013 via Google Books.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-19\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFAlison1848\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Alison, Archibald (1848).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=aNI_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA288\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution &#8230;<\/i><\/a>&nbsp;W. Blackwood and sons. pp.&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">288\u2013<\/span>291.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-20\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Davidson, Ian, p. 160<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-21\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 4 juin 1793, p. 1\/4<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959353-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959353_22-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFThompson1959\">Thompson 1959<\/a>, p.&nbsp;353.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-23\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">R.R. Palmer (1973) The Twelve who ruled, p. 32. Princeton University Press<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-24\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 1 juin 1793<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-25\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Thompson, J.M. (1959) The French Revolution. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, p. 353.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929323-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929323_26-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFMathiez1929\">Mathiez 1929<\/a>, p.&nbsp;323.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354_27-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959354_27-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFThompson1959\">Thompson 1959<\/a>, p.&nbsp;354.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-28\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 2 juin 1793, p. 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTERobespierre1958543in_Tome_IX,_Discours-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobespierre1958543in_Tome_IX,_Discours_29-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFRobespierre1958\">Robespierre 1958<\/a>, p.&nbsp;543, in Tome IX, Discours.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-30\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 1 juin 1793<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929324-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929324_31-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFMathiez1929\">Mathiez 1929<\/a>, p.&nbsp;324.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110_32-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110_32-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAulard1910110_32-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFAulard1910\">Aulard 1910<\/a>, p.&nbsp;110.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-33\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Davidson, I. (2016) The French Revolution, p. 161<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-34\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Roger Dupuy (2010) La Garde nationale 1789\u20131872. Paris, Gallimard,&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-2-07-034716-2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-2-07-034716-2\">978-2-07-034716-2<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-The_Jacobin_Clubs-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-The_Jacobin_Clubs_35-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFKennedy2000\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Kennedy, Michael (1 May 2000).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=t1yYDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA17\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>The Jacobin Clubs in the French Revolution, 1793\u20131795<\/i><\/a>. Berghahn Books. p.&nbsp;17.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-78920-576-3\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-78920-576-3\"><bdi>978-1-78920-576-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-36\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 4 &amp; 5 juin 1793<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929325-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929325_37-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFMathiez1929\">Mathiez 1929<\/a>, p.&nbsp;325.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Popkin66-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-Popkin66_38-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFPopkin2016\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Popkin, Jeremy D. (1 July 2016).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=d4qTDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA66\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>A Short History of the French Revolution<\/i><\/a>. Routledge. pp.&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">66\u2013<\/span>67.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-315-50892-4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-315-50892-4\"><bdi>978-1-315-50892-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-39\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Le R\u00e9publicain fran\u00e7ais, 14 septembre 1793, p. 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-gallica_12148-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-gallica_12148_40-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFB\u00e9dolli\u00e8re1848\" class=\"citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\">B\u00e9dolli\u00e8re, Emile de la (1848).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k6487209z\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Histoire de la Garde nationale: r\u00e9cit complet de tous les faits qui l&#8217;ont distingu\u00e9e depuis son origine jusqu&#8217;en 1848<\/i><\/a>&nbsp;(in French). H. Dumineray et F. Pallier.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"OCLC (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/944662819\" rel=\"nofollow\">944662819<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447-41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2014447_41-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFIsrael2014\">Israel 2014<\/a>, p.&nbsp;447.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-43\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Davidson, I. (2016) The French Revolution, pp. 161\u2013162<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824297-44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824297_44-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFMignet1824\">Mignet 1824<\/a>, p.&nbsp;297.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298-45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298_45-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298_45-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFMignet1824\">Mignet 1824<\/a>, p.&nbsp;298.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuret1996127-46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuret1996127_46-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFFuret1996\">Furet 1996<\/a>, p.&nbsp;127.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929326-48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929326_48-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFMathiez1929\">Mathiez 1929<\/a>, p.&nbsp;326.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-49\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VES2yGHmEG0C&amp;q=Marat\" rel=\"nofollow\">M\u00e9moires de B. Bar\u00e8re &#8230; publi\u00e9s par MM. Hippolyte Carnot<span class=\"nowrap\">&nbsp;<\/span>&#8230; et &#8230;, Volume 2 By Bertrand BAR\u00c8RE DE VIEUZAC, pp. 93, 95<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974311-51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974311_51-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFSoboul1974\">Soboul 1974<\/a>, p.&nbsp;311.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988180-52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988180_52-0\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#CITEREFHampson1988\">Hampson 1988<\/a>, p.&nbsp;180.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-53\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Journal des hommes libres de tous les pays, ou le R\u00e9publicain, 5 juin 1793, p. 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-54\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Journal des hommes libres de tous les pays, ou le R\u00e9publicain, 4 juin 1793, p. 4<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-55\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-55\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amis-robespierre.org\/La-Revolution-Francaise-abolit-l\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;La R\u00e9volution Fran\u00e7aise abolit l&#8217;esclavage. \u2013 l&#8217;ARBR- les Amis de Robespierre&#8221;<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-56\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-56\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Schama, pp. 803\u2013805.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-57\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-57\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\">Pertu\u00e9 Michel. Remarques sur les listes de Conventionnels. In: Annales historiques de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, n\u00b0245, 1981. pp. 366-378. DOI&nbsp;:&nbsp;<a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3406\/ahrf.1981.4253\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3406\/ahrf.1981.4253<\/a>&nbsp;www.persee.fr\/doc\/ahrf_0003-4436_1981_num_245_1_4253<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-58\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-58\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.seducoahuila.gob.mx\/biblioweb\/upload\/Le-carnet-de-Robespierre-septembre-decembre-1793.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Le carnet de Robespierre (septembre-d\u00e9cembre 1793)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-59\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1270672573#cite_ref-59\" aria-label=\"Jump up\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=O2PwoKacYyYC&amp;q=toulon&amp;pg=PA25\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Jacobin Clubs in the French Revolution, 1793-1795 by Michael L. Kennedy, p. 270<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\">\n<h2 id=\"Sources\">Sources<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox\">\n<div class=\"side-box-flex\">\n<div class=\"side-box-image\"><span class=\"noviewer\"><a class=\"mw-file-description\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-file-element\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" height=\"40\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"side-box-text plainlist\">Wikimedia Commons has media related to&nbsp;<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"commons:Category:Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793\">Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFAulard1910\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Aulard, Fran\u00e7ois-Alphonse (1910).&nbsp;<i>The French Revolution, a Political History, 1789\u20131804, in 4 vols<\/i>. Vol.&nbsp;III. New York: Charles Scribner&#8217;s Sons.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFBouloiseau1983\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Bouloiseau, Marc (1983).&nbsp;<span class=\"id-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jacobinrepublic100boul\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>The Jacobin Republic: 1792\u20131794<\/i><\/a><\/span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-521-28918-1\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-521-28918-1\"><bdi>0-521-28918-1<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFFuret1996\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Furet, Fran\u00e7ois (1996).&nbsp;<i>The French Revolution: 1770\u20131814<\/i>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-631-20299-4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-631-20299-4\"><bdi>0-631-20299-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFHampson1988\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Hampson, Norman (1988).&nbsp;<span class=\"id-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/socialhistoryoff0000hamp\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>A Social History of the French Revolution<\/i><\/a><\/span>. Routledge: University of Toronto Press.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-710-06525-6\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-710-06525-6\"><bdi>0-710-06525-6<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFIsrael2014\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Israel, Jonathan (2014).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=xpIpAgAAQBAJ\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre<\/i><\/a>. Princeton University Press.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4008-4999-4\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4008-4999-4\"><bdi>978-1-4008-4999-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFMathiez1929\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Mathiez, Albert (1929).&nbsp;<i>The French Revolution<\/i>. New York: Alfred a Knopf.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFMignet1824\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Mignet, Fran\u00e7ois (1824).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historyofthefren09602gut\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814<\/i><\/a>. Project Gutenberg EBook.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFRobespierre1958\" class=\"citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\">Robespierre, Maximilien de (1958). Bouloiseau, Marc; Lefebvre, Georges; Soboul, Albert; Dautry, Jean (eds.).&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/oeuvrescomplte09robeuoft\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre<\/i><\/a>&nbsp;(in French). PUF.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"OCLC (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_(identifier)\">OCLC<\/a>&nbsp;<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/370022395\" rel=\"nofollow\">370022395<\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFSchama1989\" class=\"citation book cs1\"><a title=\"Simon Schama\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simon_Schama\">Schama, Simon<\/a>&nbsp;(1989).&nbsp;<a title=\"Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citizens:_A_Chronicle_of_the_French_Revolution\"><i>Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution<\/i><\/a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-55948-3\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-394-55948-3\"><bdi>978-0-394-55948-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFSlavin1999\" class=\"citation encyclopaedia cs1\"><a title=\"Morris Slavin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morris_Slavin\">Slavin, Morris<\/a>&nbsp;(1999). &#8220;Robespierre and the Insurrection of 31 May\u20132 June 1793&#8221;. In Colin Haydon; William Doyle (eds.).&nbsp;<i>Robespierre<\/i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFSoboul1974\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Soboul, Albert (1974).&nbsp;<span class=\"id-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/frenchrevolution0000sobo\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>The French Revolution:: 1787\u20131799<\/i><\/a><\/span>. New York: Random House.&nbsp;<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>&nbsp;<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/0-394-47392-2\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-394-47392-2\"><bdi>0-394-47392-2<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/li>\n<li><cite id=\"CITEREFThompson1959\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Thompson, J. M. (1959).&nbsp;<i>The French Revolution<\/i>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.<\/cite><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_10732\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"10732\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The&nbsp;insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793&nbsp;(French:&nbsp;Journ\u00e9es du 31 mai et du 2 juin 1793,&nbsp;lit.\u2009&#8216;Day of 31 May to 2 June 1793&#8216;), during the French Revolution, started after the&nbsp;Paris commune&nbsp;demanded that 22&nbsp;Girondin&nbsp;deputies&nbsp;and members of the&nbsp;Commission of Twelve&nbsp;should be brought before the&nbsp;Revolutionary Tribunal.&nbsp;Jean-Paul Marat&nbsp;led the attack on the representatives in the National Convention, who in &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/\" class=\"more-link\">Lees verder <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_10732\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"10732\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10732","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793 - Taco Tichelaar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The&nbsp;insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793&nbsp;(French:&nbsp;Journ\u00e9es du 31 mai et du 2 juin 1793,&nbsp;lit.\u2009&#8216;Day of 31 May to 2 June 1793&#8216;), during the French Revolution, started after the&nbsp;Paris commune&nbsp;demanded that 22&nbsp;Girondin&nbsp;deputies&nbsp;and members of the&nbsp;Commission of Twelve&nbsp;should be brought before the&nbsp;Revolutionary Tribunal.&nbsp;Jean-Paul Marat&nbsp;led the attack on the representatives in the National Convention, who in &hellip; 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Of some canal houses much is known, but in general I collect relevant information in tax books, stored in the Amsterdam city archive, in the literature or on internet. \u201c According to Zhuang zi, a Tao philosopher life is limited and knowledge to be gained is unlimited.' 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Lees verder Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793 &rarr;","og_url":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/","og_site_name":"Taco Tichelaar","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taco.tichelaar","article_modified_time":"2025-02-05T08:19:38+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/280px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_misc":{"Geschatte leestijd":"21 minuten"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/","url":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/","name":"Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793 - Taco Tichelaar","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/280px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg","datePublished":"2025-01-30T05:18:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-05T08:19:38+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"nl-NL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"nl-NL","@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/280px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg\/280px-Lille_PBA_boilly_triomphe_de_marat.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/insurrection-of-31-may-2-june-1793\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/","name":"Taco Tichelaar","description":"geschiedenis, huisonderzoek","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/9507958c5bf79d94fffc2702606bc3a6"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"nl-NL"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/9507958c5bf79d94fffc2702606bc3a6","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"nl-NL","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"admin"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g"},"description":"My hobby is house and occupant research of canal houses in Amsterdam. Of some canal houses much is known, but in general I collect relevant information in tax books, stored in the Amsterdam city archive, in the literature or on internet. \u201c According to Zhuang zi, a Tao philosopher life is limited and knowledge to be gained is unlimited.' 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