{"id":10831,"date":"2025-03-02T09:02:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T07:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/?page_id=10831"},"modified":"2025-03-12T06:27:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T04:27:39","slug":"theophile-cazenove-banquier","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, banquier"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"File:Th\u00e9ophile<\/p>\n

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Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove<\/b> (

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Biographie<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, fils de Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove (1708-1760) \u00e9tait issu d\u2019une famille de n\u00e9gociants de textile, tissus en soie, cacao, bl\u00e9 et banquiers \u00e9tablis \u00e0 Amsterdam. En 1734, son p\u00e8re \u00e9pousa Maria de Rapin , fille du huguenot<\/a> fran\u00e7ais-suisse Paul de Rapin de Thoyras<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup>. Il a achet\u00e9 plusieurs plantages dans la colonie de Berbice<\/a>: Nova Caza, Don Carlos et Thoyras<\/i>3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Actif dans le commerce et la finance, Th\u00e9ophile d\u00e9veloppa des affaires \u00e0 Allemagne, Italie, France, Angleterre, Suisse, et dans les Berbice<\/a>. En 1760, Th\u00e9ophile et son fr\u00e8re Charles, deux de son six fils, reprirent l\u2019entreprise familiale, qui collaborait avec leur oncles Jean et David sous la raison sociale Cazenove, Clavi\u00e8re et Fils, une maison de commerce et de banque bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>5<\/a><\/sup>. Th\u00e9ophile subit de lourdes pertes lors de la crise bancaire d\u2019Amsterdam de 1763<\/a>, ayant collabor\u00e9 avec Hope & Co<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>En 1763, Th\u00e9ophile \u00e9pouse Margaretha Helena van Jever (1748-1833), la jeune fille d’un riche n\u00e9gociant en Russie, membre de la Vroedschap<\/a> d’Amsterdam6<\/a><\/sup>. Il a vendu sa maison \u00e0 Raamgracht en 1766 et d\u00e9plac\u00e9 vers Prinsengracht<\/a> (508)7<\/a><\/sup>. En 1766, son fr\u00e8re Charles entra au service de la Compagnie danoise des Indes orientales<\/a> et quitta l\u2019Europe pour Hooghly<\/a>, le Bengale-Occidental<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup>. Cazenove fait faillite en janvier 1770 et parvient \u00e0 un accord avec ses cr\u00e9anciers9<\/a><\/sup>. Dans la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, son portrait est peint par Jean-Baptiste Perronneau<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la mort de son beau-parents, il s’implique dans une plantation St. Domingo<\/i> au Surinam<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup>.<\/figure>\n

Le 12 f\u00e9vrier 1785 il a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une M\u00e9moire \u00e0 Calonne<\/a>, le contr\u00f4leur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des finances<\/a> & \u00e0 Lenoir<\/a>, lieutenant g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de police<\/a>, par Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, banquier \u00e0 Amsterdam; Et. Clavi\u00e8re l’ain\u00e9<\/a>, actuellement \u00e0 Paris; J.J. Clavi\u00e8re, le jeune banquier \u00e0 Bruxelles11<\/a><\/sup> 12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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<\/span>\u00c9tats-Unis<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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En mai 1788 Clavi\u00e8re fait un plan d’observations pour Jacques Pierre Brissot<\/a> pour rassembler \u00ab plus de d\u00e9tails, de comparaisons, de calculs, de faits et de preuves que ce que les voyageurs rassemblent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00bb13<\/a><\/sup>. Brissot voyage aux \u00c9tats-Unis entre juin 1788 et janvier 1789.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

On 30 novembre 1789, Cazenove signa un contrat avec ses mandataires et partit l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante pour Philadelphie<\/a>, alors capitale provisoire des \u00c9tats-Unis (Treize Colonies<\/a>)14<\/a><\/sup>. Cazenove fut mandat\u00e9 par Pieter Stadnitski<\/a> (en)<\/span><\/a> pour se rendre aux \u00c9tats-Unis lui m\u00eame en tant qu’agent de placement au service de Stadnitski et d’autres investisseurs n\u00e9erlandais[r\u00e9f. n\u00e9cessaire]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Il devint alors l’agent de la Holland Land Company<\/a> (en)<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Il arrive en mars 1790 et traita avec le financier Robert Morris jr<\/a>, surintendant des Finances des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>15<\/a><\/sup>. Il d\u00eena avec Morris, Thomas Jefferson<\/a>, Alexander Hamilton<\/a>, John Jay<\/a>, John Quincy Adams<\/a>, etc. le 30 juin 179016<\/a><\/sup>. Il traversa plusieurs difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res, en raison d’investissements risqu\u00e9s li\u00e9s \u00e0 la guerre d’ind\u00e9pendance am\u00e9ricaine<\/a>. D\u00e9crit comme imprudent malgr\u00e9 un train de vie fastueux, il porta d\u2019abord son attention sur la dette<\/a> de Caroline du Sud<\/a>, tandis que son compagnon de voyage, Gerrit Boon, s\u2019\u00e9tablit dans New York State<\/a>.<\/p>\n

En 1792, Cazenove investit les fonds de ses clients dans des obligations de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9mises par les nouveaux \u00c9tats et le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, apr\u00e8s qu’Alexander Hamilton<\/a> eut promis de rembourser int\u00e9gralement la dette publique. Un autre investissement risqu\u00e9 consista \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir de vastes \u00e9tendues de terres inexploit\u00e9es dans le comt\u00e9 de Genesee<\/a>, incluant la Holland Purchase<\/i>. Durant son s\u00e9jour, Cazenove fit la connaissance de Talleyrand<\/a>, alors r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 \u00e0 Philadelphie depuis quelques mois, et Beaumetz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Metropolitan area<\/figcaption><\/figure>
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Wagon
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Pour mener \u00e0 bien ces acquisitions complexes\u2014souvent entrav\u00e9es par des revendications autochtones\u2014Cazenove fit appel aux conseils juridiques de Hamilton, puis de Aaron Burr<\/a>. Cependant, Alexander Baring<\/a> le d\u00e9peignit de mani\u00e8re peu flatteuse : \u00ab Cazenove is a sad dirty fellow and does all the mischief he can. En octobre il part de New York, Easton, Bethlehem<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Ne pouvant acheter en tant qu\u2019\u00e9tranger, il obtint la citoyennet\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine en d\u00e9cembre 1794. Le Cazenove Journal (1794) offre une perspective unique sur la vie en Am\u00e9rique \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, y compris des descriptions du paysage, des habitants et des coutumes de la r\u00e9gion. Il a voyag\u00e9 avec un carrosse, cinq cheveaux et trois hommes. Les observations de Cazenove sont richement d\u00e9taill\u00e9es et offrent un aper\u00e7u du climat social et culturel de l\u2019\u00e9poque.17<\/a><\/sup>. Il d\u00e9crit toujours la valeur des terres agricoles, le type de cultures, la population, le nombre d’\u00e9glises et d’\u00e9coles et la qualit\u00e9 des routes et des auberges.<\/p>\n

Cazenove menait un train de vie de \u00ab grand seigneur \u00bb et \u00e9tait connu pour son extr\u00eame n\u00e9gligence. Ses affaires dans le commerce du sirop d’\u00e9rable et le d\u00e9veloppement des canaux ne furent gu\u00e8re fructueuses, les investisseurs r\u00e9alisant \u00e0 peine de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. Il perdit m\u00eame de l’argent dans des transactions fonci\u00e8res en Pennsylvanie qu’il avait organis\u00e9es avec James Wilson<\/a>. De plus, il eut des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 justifier la gestion des fonds qui lui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Durant cette p\u00e9riode, il facilita l\u2019installation de son cousin genevois \u00e0 Philadelphie. En 1798, il engagea Joseph Ellicott<\/a> (en)<\/span><\/a>, mais fut rapidement remplac\u00e9 par Paolo Busti<\/a> (en)<\/span><\/a>. Busti succ\u00e9da \u00e0 Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, qui contraint par son incomp\u00e9tence, retourna en Europe en 1799.<\/p>\n

Cazenove s\u2019installant d\u2019abord \u00e0 Amsterdam. Apr\u00e8s avoir quitt\u00e9 son poste aupr\u00e8s des investisseurs n\u00e9erlandais en 1802, il devint secr\u00e9taire de Talleyrand<\/a>, qu\u2019il avait rencontr\u00e9 \u00e0 Philadelphie. Il s\u2019\u00e9teignit le 18<\/a><\/sup>? Il est impossible d’en savoir plus car en 1871 tous les actes furent d\u00e9truits par un incendie \u00e0 l’h\u00f4tel de ville et au palais de justice.<\/p>\n

Plusieurs lieux aux \u00c9tats-Unis portent son nom en hommage : la ville de Cazenovia<\/a>, le village de Cazenovia, New York<\/a>, la ville de Cazenovia (Wisconsin)<\/a>, ainsi que le Cazenovia Creek<\/a> (en)<\/span><\/a> et le Cazenovia Lake<\/a> (en)<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

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<\/span>Notes et r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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  1. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>T. Cazenove, \u2018M\u00e9thode et usage des emprunts ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s \u00e0 Amsterdam sur l’hypoth\u00e8que des fonds americains’, 1792, 4, Van Eeghen Collection, OF-63, Special Collections, University of Amsterdam.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/11266<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small>; https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/11507<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/11265<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Andr\u00e9 G\u00fcr: “Clavi\u00e8re, Etienne”, in: Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse (DHS), version du 22.12.2003. Online: https:\/\/hls-dhs-dss.ch\/fr\/articles\/025651\/2003-12-22\/<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small> [archive], consult\u00e9 le 13.02.2025<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Rapin-Thoyras: sa famille, sa vie et ses oeuvres par Raoul de Cazenove, p. ccxl<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5062\/140<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/12390<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small>; https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/12379<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/12390<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>https:\/\/archief.amsterdam\/archief\/5075\/12422<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  11. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Bouchary, M. Jean. \u201cUN MANIEUR D\u2019ARGENT AVANT LA R\u00c9VOLUTION FRAN\u00c7AISE (Fin).\u201d Revue d\u2019histoire \u00c9conomique et Sociale, vol. 24, no. 4, 1938, pp. 357\u201378. JSTOR, http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24066591<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small>. Accessed 6 Mar. 2025.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>L\u2019Histoire en histoires : Les palinodies de deux n\u00e9gociants huguenots en 1735<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  13. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>J.P. Brissot (1791) Nouveau voyage dans les Etats-Unis, p. 60<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  14. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Cazenove Journal, 1794 : a record of the journey of Theophile Cazenove through New Jersey and Pennsylvania, p. viii<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  15. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Papers of John Adam<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  16. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Papers of John Adam<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  17. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Cazenove Journal, 1794 : a record of the journey of Theophile Cazenove through New Jersey and Pennsylvania, archive.org<\/a> [archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  18. \u2191<\/a> <\/span>Cazenove Journal, 1794, p. xiii<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove (13 octobre 1740, Amsterdam \u2013 6 mars 1811, Paris), est un financier n\u00e9erlandais d’origine fran\u00e7aise. En 1791, il conseilla des investisseurs hollandais d\u2019acheter de vastes terres dans l’\u00c9tat de New York et en Pennsylvanie, premier repr\u00e9sentant de la Holland Land Company (en)1. Biographie Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, fils de Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove (1708-1760) \u00e9tait issu d\u2019une famille de n\u00e9gociants de textile, tissus en soie, cacao, … Lees verder Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, banquier<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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En 1791, il conseilla des investisseurs hollandais d\u2019acheter de vastes terres dans l’\u00c9tat de New York et en Pennsylvanie, premier repr\u00e9sentant de la Holland Land Company (en)1. Biographie Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, fils de Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove (1708-1760) \u00e9tait issu d\u2019une famille de n\u00e9gociants de textile, tissus en soie, cacao, … Lees verder Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, banquier →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Taco Tichelaar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taco.tichelaar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-12T04:27:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\/459px-Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Geschatte leestijd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/\",\"name\":\"Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, banquier - Taco Tichelaar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\/wikipedia\\\/commons\\\/thumb\\\/2\\\/2f\\\/Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\\\/459px-Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-02T07:02:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-12T04:27:39+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\/wikipedia\\\/commons\\\/thumb\\\/2\\\/2f\\\/Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\\\/459px-Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\/wikipedia\\\/commons\\\/thumb\\\/2\\\/2f\\\/Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\\\/459px-Th%C3%A9ophile_Cazenove.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/theophile-cazenove-banquier\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Th\u00e9ophile Cazenove, banquier\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/\",\"name\":\"Taco Tichelaar\",\"description\":\"geschiedenis, huisonderzoek\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9507958c5bf79d94fffc2702606bc3a6\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9507958c5bf79d94fffc2702606bc3a6\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\"},\"description\":\"My hobby is house and occupant research of canal houses in Amsterdam. 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