{"id":13147,"date":"2026-09-06T21:14:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T19:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/?page_id=13147"},"modified":"2026-09-06T21:56:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T19:56:11","slug":"massacres-de-septembre","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/massacres-de-septembre\/","title":{"rendered":"Massacres de Septembre"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s la\u00a0journ\u00e9e du 10 ao\u00fbt 1792<\/a>, Marat appelle \u00e0 poursuivre le mouvement et \u00e0 s’en prendre aux prisonniers accus\u00e9s d’avoir d\u00e9fendu la monarchie. Dans le no 680 de\u00a0L’Ami du peuple<\/a><\/i>, dat\u00e9 du\u00a0prison de l’Abbaye<\/a>, d’en arracher les prisonniers, \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>particuli\u00e8rement les officiers suisses et leurs complices\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb, et de les \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>passer au fil de l’\u00e9p\u00e9e\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb[<\/span>40]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. \u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de ses pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents appels au meurtre, il est cette fois suivi par une partie de la presse, notamment\u00a0girondine<\/a>. La publication de l‘<\/span>Ami du peuple<\/i>\u00a0cesse au\u00a0placard<\/a>\u00a0anonyme du\u00a0[<\/span>41]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir du\u00a0[<\/span>42]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Un vif conflit oppose alors l’Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 la\u00a0Commune de Paris<\/a>. Le\u00a0Cassagnac<\/a>\u00a0indique \u00e9galement que Marat disposait d’un bureau dans la salle de la Commune[<\/span>43]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Le\u00a0Roland<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0Guadet<\/a>\u00a0tentent de r\u00e9duire l’influence de la Commune, tandis que l’Assembl\u00e9e d\u00e9cide sa r\u00e9organisation et de nouvelles \u00e9lections[<\/span>44]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0Comit\u00e9 de surveillance et de police<\/a>\u00a0de la Commune[<\/span>45]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, un arr\u00eat\u00e9 pris ce jour-l\u00e0 par les quatre administrateurs du comit\u00e9,\u00a0Panis<\/a>, Pierre Duplain, Sergent et Jourdeuil, nomme six \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>administrateurs-adjoints\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb, dont Marat, D\u00e9forgues, Lenfant, Guermeur, Leclerc et Duffort. Ceux-ci obtiennent la signature sous la surveillance des quatre administrateurs, qui conservent la responsabilit\u00e9 du comit\u00e9[<\/span>46]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Les massacres commencent le\u00a0pr\u00eatres inserment\u00e9s<\/a>, des\u00a0gardes suisses<\/a>\u00a0et des prisonniers politiques, notamment royalistes et aristocrates[<\/span>47]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Dans un r\u00e9cit publi\u00e9 le 6 octobre, Marat affirme qu’il se trouvait au Comit\u00e9 de surveillance lorsqu’on y annon\u00e7a que plusieurs pr\u00eatres r\u00e9fractaires, transf\u00e9r\u00e9s vers la\u00a0prison de la Force<\/a>, avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s et que la foule mena\u00e7ait de se porter vers les prisons. Selon son r\u00e9cit, Panis et lui demand\u00e8rent alors que les d\u00e9tenus pour dettes, rixes et d\u00e9lits mineurs fussent s\u00e9par\u00e9s des prisonniers consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme contre-r\u00e9volutionnaires[<\/span>48]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0circulaire du 3 septembre<\/a>, adress\u00e9e aux d\u00e9partements, qui pr\u00e9sente la mise \u00e0 mort des prisonniers comme des \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>actes de justice\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb jug\u00e9s indispensables pour contenir les tra\u00eetres par la terreur et affirme que la nation \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>s’empressera d’adopter ce moyen si n\u00e9cessaire de salut public\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb.[<\/span>49]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0La r\u00e9daction de la circulaire a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 Marat et son impression \u00e0 ses presses[<\/span>50]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise de Marat dans le d\u00e9clenchement et l’organisation des massacres a fait l’objet d’interpr\u00e9tations divergentes. Le\u00a0P\u00e9tion<\/a>\u00a0reproche devant le Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Commune au Comit\u00e9 de surveillance d’avoir pris Marat pour collaborateur. Panis prend alors sa d\u00e9fense\u00a0<\/span>: tout en reconnaissant que Marat avait \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>provoqu\u00e9 les vengeances les plus terribles\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb, il affirme que, dans le comit\u00e9, il n’avait \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>jamais […] eu d’influence particuli\u00e8re\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb et que son avis n’avait jamais pr\u00e9valu sur celui de ses coll\u00e8gues.[<\/span>51]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Louis Gottschalk[<\/span>52]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0et\u00a0G\u00e9rard Walter<\/a>[<\/span>53]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0ont remis en cause son r\u00f4le d’organisateur ou d’instigateur des massacres.\u00a0Keith Michael Baker<\/a>\u00a0consid\u00e8re que Marat joua probablement davantage le r\u00f4le d’un propagandiste encourageant la violence que celui d’un organisateur[<\/span>54]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0Convention<\/a>, le septi\u00e8me des 24 d\u00e9put\u00e9s du d\u00e9partement, avec 420 voix sur 758 votants[<\/span>55]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Jean-Paul Marat,\u00a0L’Ami du peuple<\/i>, no 680<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>, 19 ao\u00fbt 1792, ARTFL, Universit\u00e9 de Chicago.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. <\/a><\/span>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bluche,\u00a0Septembre 1792. Logiques d’un massacre<\/i>, Paris, Robert Laffont, 1986\u00a0<\/span>(ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>2-221-04523-8<\/span><\/a>)<\/small>, pp. 35\u201337.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. <\/a><\/span>(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0Simon Schama,\u00a0Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution<\/cite>, New York, Knopf,\u00a0
  4. <\/a><\/span>Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac,\u00a0Histoire des Girondins et des massacres de septembre<\/i>, t. II, Paris, 1860, p. 7, citant le proc\u00e8s-verbal du Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Commune, s\u00e9ance du 23 ao\u00fbt 1792.<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. <\/a><\/span>Israel 2014<\/a>,\u00a0p.<\/abbr>\u00a0<\/span>267-268.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. <\/a><\/span>Michel Vovelle<\/a>,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<\/span>Marat Jean-Paul\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb<\/cite>, dans\u00a0Albert Soboul<\/a>\u00a0(dir.),\u00a0Dictionnaire historique de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/cite>, Paris, PUF,\u00a0
  7. <\/a><\/span>Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du Comit\u00e9 de police et de surveillance, 2 septembre 1792, Archives de la Pr\u00e9fecture de police, dossier des massacres de septembre, 1re<\/sup>\u00a0liasse, reproduit dans Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac,\u00a0Histoire des Girondins et des massacres de septembre<\/i>, t. II, Paris, 1860, pp. 109\u2013110.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. <\/a><\/span>Pierre Caron,\u00a0Les Massacres de Septembre<\/i>, Paris, Maison du livre fran\u00e7ais, 1935, pp. 94\u201399 et 101\u2013102.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. <\/a><\/span>Jean-Paul Marat,\u00a0Journal de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise<\/i>, no 12, 6 octobre 1792, cit\u00e9 dans Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac,\u00a0Histoire des Girondins et des massacres de septembre<\/i>, t. II, Paris, 1860.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. <\/a><\/span>Circulaire du 3 septembre 1792<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. <\/a><\/span>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bluche,\u00a0op. cit.<\/abbr>, p. 170\u00a0<\/span>; Pierre Caron,\u00a0Les Massacres de Septembre<\/i>, Paris, Maison du livre fran\u00e7ais, 1935, p. 296.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. <\/a><\/span>Proc\u00e8s-verbal du Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Commune, s\u00e9ance du 18 septembre 1792, cit\u00e9 dans Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac,\u00a0Histoire des Girondins et des massacres de septembre<\/i>, t. II, Paris, 1860, pp. 116\u2013117.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. <\/a><\/span>Louis Gottschalk,\u00a0Jean-Paul Marat, l’Ami du peuple<\/i>, Payot, 1929.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. <\/a><\/span>G\u00e9rard Walter,\u00a0Marat<\/i>, Albin Michel, 1933.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. <\/a><\/span>(en)<\/abbr>\u00a0Colin Jones,\u00a0Colin Jones reviews Jean-Paul Marat: Prophet of Terror and Murder in the Rue Marat<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>, criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu, 16 janvier 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. <\/a><\/span>Jean-Paul Marat<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>, base de donn\u00e9es des d\u00e9put\u00e9s fran\u00e7ais depuis 1789, Assembl\u00e9e nationale.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    Clandestinit\u00e9, domiciles et imprimeries<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/a>
    Plaque 16 rue de l’Ancienne-Com\u00e9die, (Paris).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
    <\/a>
    Paris historique: Maison de Marat dans Rue de l’\u00c9cole-de-M\u00e9decine (Paris)\u00a0[<\/span>1]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Pendant la R\u00e9volution, les domiciles et lieux de travail de Marat changent fr\u00e9quemment, notamment en raison des poursuites engag\u00e9es contre son journal. En 1789, il demeure\u00a0rue du Vieux-Colombier<\/a>, puis\u00a0rue de l’Ancienne-Com\u00e9die<\/a>[<\/span>2]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Apr\u00e8s son retour d’Angleterre en mai 1790, il vit pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes dans la clandestinit\u00e9 et change fr\u00e9quemment de refuge. Il \u00e9voquera lui-m\u00eame les sept mois qu’il aurait pass\u00e9s dans des \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>souterrains\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb. Il se cache notamment \u00e0 Montmartre et trouve refuge chez des sympathisants, parmi lesquels\u00a0Louis Legendre<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Apr\u00e8s le\u00a010 ao\u00fbt 1792<\/a>, Marat est signal\u00e9\u00a0rue de la Harpe<\/a>, puis\u00a0rue des Cordeliers<\/a>. \u00c0 la fin de sa vie, il occupe au no 30 de la rue des Cordeliers un appartement\u00a0<\/span>; Belfort Bax le d\u00e9crit comme compos\u00e9 de cinq pi\u00e8ces et occup\u00e9 par Marat,\u00a0Simone \u00c9vrard<\/a>, sa s\u0153ur Catherine, la cuisini\u00e8re Jeannette Mar\u00e9chal et le typographe Laurent Bas[<\/span>3]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>. Son imprimerie est alors indiqu\u00e9e dans ses publications \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>rue des Cordeliers, vis-\u00e0-vis la\u00a0rue Hautefeuille<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb. L’immeuble, devenu au XIXe si\u00e8cle le no 20 de la rue de l’\u00c9cole-de-M\u00e9decine, est d\u00e9moli en 1877 lors de l’agrandissement de la Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine[<\/span>4]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

    \n
      \n
    1. <\/a><\/span>https:\/\/www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr\/fr\/musee-carnavalet\/oeuvres\/paris-historique-maison-de-marat#infos-principales<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. <\/a><\/span>Fran\u00e7ois Ch\u00e8vremont, documents sur les adresses de Marat<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. <\/a><\/span>Ernest Belfort Bax<\/a>,\u00a0Jean-Paul Marat: The People’s Friend<\/i>, Londres, 1901, pp. 300\u2013302.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. <\/a><\/span>Laurent Gloaguen,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<\/span>Rue de l’\u00c9cole de M\u00e9decine, c. 1866\u00a0<\/span>\u00bb<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>,\u00a0Vergue<\/i>, 22 novembre 2015, mise \u00e0 jour le 30 mai 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n

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      Apr\u00e8s la\u00a0journ\u00e9e du 10 ao\u00fbt 1792, Marat appelle \u00e0 poursuivre le mouvement et \u00e0 s’en prendre aux prisonniers accus\u00e9s d’avoir d\u00e9fendu la monarchie. Dans le no 680 de\u00a0L’Ami du peuple, dat\u00e9 du\u00a019 ao\u00fbt, il pr\u00e9conise de se rendre en armes \u00e0 la\u00a0prison de l’Abbaye, d’en arracher les prisonniers, \u00ab\u00a0particuli\u00e8rement les officiers suisses et leurs complices\u00a0\u00bb, … Lees verder Massacres de Septembre<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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Dans le no 680 de\u00a0L’Ami du peuple, dat\u00e9 du\u00a019 ao\u00fbt, il pr\u00e9conise de se rendre en armes \u00e0 la\u00a0prison de l’Abbaye, d’en arracher les prisonniers, \u00ab\u00a0particuli\u00e8rement les officiers suisses et leurs complices\u00a0\u00bb, … Lees verder Massacres de Septembre →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/massacres-de-septembre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Taco Tichelaar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taco.tichelaar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-06T19:56:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Plaque_h%C3%B4tel_La_Fautri%C3%A8re%2C_Jean-Paul_Marat%2C_16_rue_de_l%27Ancienne-Com%C3%A9die%2C_Paris_6e.jpg\/250px-Plaque_h%C3%B4tel_La_Fautri%C3%A8re%2C_Jean-Paul_Marat%2C_16_rue_de_l%27Ancienne-Com%C3%A9die%2C_Paris_6e.jpg?utm_source=fr.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Geschatte leestijd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/massacres-de-septembre\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/massacres-de-septembre\\\/\",\"name\":\"Massacres de Septembre - 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