{"id":2615,"date":"2015-09-16T05:29:57","date_gmt":"2015-09-16T03:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/?page_id=2615"},"modified":"2024-08-03T07:50:04","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T05:50:04","slug":"napoleon-in-holland","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/napoleon-in-holland\/","title":{"rendered":"Napoleon in Holland"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"jump-to-nav\" class=\"mw-jump\">End September 1811 <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Napoleon I\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon_I\">Napoleon I<\/a> visited the former <a title=\"Kingdom of Holland\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Holland\">Kingdom of Holland<\/a>; he explained to <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armand_Augustin_Louis_de_Caulaincourt\">Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt<\/a> his goals: a war at sea with England, to form a government, and ordering the &#8220;Routes imp\u00e9riales&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<div id=\"jump-to-nav\" class=\"mw-jump\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\/220px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\/330px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\/440px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"366\" data-file-width=\"575\" data-file-height=\"957\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">Napoleon in Amsterdam by <a title=\"Charles Rochussen\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Rochussen\">Charles Rochussen<\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\">\n<div id=\"toctitle\">\n<h2>Contents<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctoggle\">&nbsp;[<a id=\"togglelink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#\">hide<\/a>]&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#Holland_as_part_of_the_First_French_Empire\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Holland as part of the First French Empire<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#Visit\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Visit<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#Notes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Notes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#Sources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#External_links\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">External links<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Holland_as_part_of_the_First_French_Empire\" class=\"mw-headline\">Holland as part of the First French Empire<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The &#8220;Corsican&#8221; wanted to control every seaport in the area and on 16 March 1810 <a title=\"Bouches-de-l'Escaut\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouches-de-l%27Escaut\">Bouches-de-l&#8217;Escaut<\/a> and <a title=\"Bouches-du-Rhin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouches-du-Rhin\">Bouches-du-Rhin<\/a> became part of the French Empire. King <a title=\"Louis Bonaparte\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Bonaparte\">Louis Bonaparte<\/a> opposed his older brother when Napoleon&#8217;s troops were not only occupying the coast but went more inland. (<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Oudinot\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oudinot\">Oudinot<\/a> had arrived with 20.000 soldiers to prevent smuggling and organize the blockade.) After Napoleon threatened to occupy Amsterdam Louis Bonaparte resigned on 1 July 1810 in favor of <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Napoleon Louis Bonaparte\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon_Louis_Bonaparte\">Napoleon Louis Bonaparte<\/a>, his son. The Dutch d\u00e9partments were incorporated in the <a title=\"First French Empire\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\">First French Empire<\/a> by decree on 9 July;<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> &#8220;with Imperial coastguards, customs and police allowed to operate the smuggling staunched at last.&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> On 18 August 1810 Napoleon ordered (by decree) the Dutch army ceased to exist, and incorporated it into the French Imperial army.<\/p>\n<p>On 1 January 1811 the country was divided into seven <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"D\u00e9partement in France\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A9partement_in_France\">d\u00e9partements<\/a> <a title=\"Zuyderz\u00e9e\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zuyderz%C3%A9e\">Zuyderz\u00e9e<\/a>, <a title=\"Bouches-de-la-Meuse\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouches-de-la-Meuse\">Bouches-de-la-Meuse<\/a>, <a title=\"Yssel-Sup\u00e9rieur\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yssel-Sup%C3%A9rieur\">Yssel-Sup\u00e9rieur<\/a>, <a title=\"Bouches-de-l'Yssel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouches-de-l%27Yssel\">Bouches-de-l&#8217;Yssel<\/a>, <a title=\"Frise (department)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frise_%28department%29\">Frise<\/a> (1811), <a title=\"Ems-Occidental\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ems-Occidental\">Ems-Occidental<\/a>, and <a title=\"Ems-Oriental\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ems-Oriental\">Ems-Oriental<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-5\">[note 1]<\/a><\/sup> Also the Batavian navy ceased to exist on that day.<\/p>\n<p>On 18 August 1811 Napoleon ordered (by decree) that everybody without a last name had to choose one.<\/p>\n<p>Until 17 November 1813 <a title=\"Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Lebrun, duc de Plaisance\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun,_duc_de_Plaisance\">Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Lebrun, duc de Plaisance<\/a> served as <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Governor-general\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor-general\">governor-general<\/a> of <a title=\"Holland\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holland\">Holland<\/a>, reorganizing its <i>d\u00e9partements<\/i> more efficient and law impartial. He was assisted by the <a title=\"Prefect\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prefect\">prefects<\/a> Antoine de Celles, and <a title=\"Goswin de Stassart\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goswin_de_Stassart\">Goswin de Stassart<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-6\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> with <a title=\"Alexander Gogel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Gogel\">Alexander Gogel<\/a> on Finance and Fran\u00e7ois Jean-Baptiste d&#8217;Alphonse on Internal Affairs as &#8220;Intendant-General&#8221;. The latter was responsible for the &#8220;Aper\u00e7u sur la Hollande&#8221;, published in the end of April 1813, full with statistics and details.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-7\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Visit\" class=\"mw-headline\">Visit<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg\/220px-Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg\/330px-Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg\/440px-Sluis_Damse_Vaart_R01.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"151\" data-file-width=\"3840\" data-file-height=\"2627\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<p>Sluis (the Netherlands): Damme canal, also called Napoleon Canal<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam,_9_oktober_1811.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam%2C_9_oktober_1811.jpg\/220px-SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam%2C_9_oktober_1811.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam%2C_9_oktober_1811.jpg\/330px-SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam%2C_9_oktober_1811.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c7\/SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam%2C_9_oktober_1811.jpg\/440px-SA_471-De_intocht_van_Napoleon_te_Amsterdam%2C_9_oktober_1811.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"159\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"740\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<p>De intocht van Napoleon te Amsterdam, 9 oktober 1811 by <a title=\"Mattheus Ignatius van Bree\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mattheus_Ignatius_van_Bree\">Mattheus Ignatius van Bree<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>On 24 September 1811 Napoleon arrived in <a title=\"Breskens\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breskens\">Breskens<\/a>, on the 27th in <a title=\"Vlissingen\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlissingen\">Vlissingen<\/a>, a strategic city he had visited twice before (in 1803 and 1810). A few days later he met with his wife in Antwerp. Then they traveled north to the fortified cities of <a title=\"Willemstad, North Brabant\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willemstad,_North_Brabant\">Willemstad<\/a> and <a title=\"Hellevoetsluis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hellevoetsluis\">Hellevoetsluis<\/a>. He was accompanied with 75 people and by general <a title=\"Dirk van Hogendorp (1761\u20131822)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dirk_van_Hogendorp_%281761%E2%80%931822%29\">Dirk van Hogendorp<\/a>, who would later become governor of <a title=\"K\u00f6nigsberg\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C3%B6nigsberg\">K\u00f6nigsberg<\/a>, <a title=\"Vilnius\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vilnius\">Vilnius<\/a>, <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Breslau\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breslau\">Breslau<\/a> and Hamburg (and mentioned as one of the few in Napoleon&#8217;s will). On 5 October he arrived in <a title=\"Gorinchem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gorinchem\">Gorinchem<\/a>; the next day he left for Utrecht. There he met with members of the <a title=\"Old Catholic Church\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_Catholic_Church\">Old Catholic Church<\/a> and <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Ashkenazim\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashkenazim\">Jews<\/a>. On 9 October he arrived in Amsterdam, the third capital of his empire and stayed a fortnight in the <a title=\"Royal Palace of Amsterdam\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Palace_of_Amsterdam\">Royal Palace of Amsterdam<\/a>. With the Dutch merchants he discussed the blockade and the forthcoming collapse of the British economy.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-8\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> He visited several wharfs, the military barracks in <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Oranje-Nassau Kazerne (Amsterdam)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oranje-Nassau_Kazerne_%28Amsterdam%29\">Quartier Saint Charles<\/a>, the fortifications on <a title=\"Pampus\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pampus\">Pampus<\/a>, and the <a title=\"Trippenhuis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trippenhuis\">Trippenhuis<\/a>. In the evening <a title=\"Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph Talma\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Talma\">Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph Talma<\/a> gave a performance of <a title=\"Andromaque\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andromaque\">Andromaque<\/a>. Via <a title=\"Broek in Waterland\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broek_in_Waterland\">Broek in Waterland<\/a> <sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-9\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> and <a title=\"Medemblik\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medemblik\">Medemblik<\/a> Napoleon traveled to <a title=\"Den Helder\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Den_Helder\">Den Helder<\/a>, in Napoleon&#8217;s view the most important naval base in the north. Vice-admiral <a title=\"Jan Willem de Winter\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jan_Willem_de_Winter\">Jan Willem de Winter<\/a>, who later would be buried in the Panth\u00e9on, joined him to <a title=\"Texel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texel\">Texel<\/a>, and discussed the possibilities to keep the English away from the Dutch coast. Because of a lack of funds earlier that year 4.000 Dutch fishermen were forced (through <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Conscript\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conscript\">conscript<\/a>) to join the fleet.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-10\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Back in Amsterdam <a title=\"Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cornelis_Rudolphus_Theodorus_Krayenhoff\">Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff<\/a> accompanied Napoleon to see the fortifications of <a title=\"Muiden\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muiden\">Muiden<\/a> and <a title=\"Naarden\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naarden\">Naarden<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-11\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> The next day, on 22 October the universities of Utrecht, <a title=\"University of Harderwijk\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Harderwijk\">Harderwijk<\/a>, <a title=\"University of Franeker\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Franeker\">Franeker<\/a> were closed. Also the Athenaeums of <a title=\"Athenaeum Illustre of Amsterdam\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Athenaeum_Illustre_of_Amsterdam\">Amsterdam<\/a> and Deventer were shut. <a title=\"Fran\u00e7ois No\u00ebl\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_No%C3%ABl\">Fran\u00e7ois No\u00ebl<\/a> and <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"George Cuvier\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Cuvier\">George Cuvier<\/a> proposed to have Leiden and Groningen kept their <a title=\"University of France\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_France\">universities<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-12\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> By decree all <a title=\"Christian denomination\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_denomination\">christian denominations<\/a> received money from the municipality.<sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-13\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem,_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois;_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem%2C_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois%3B_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg\/220px-Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem%2C_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois%3B_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem%2C_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois%3B_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg\/330px-Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem%2C_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois%3B_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem%2C_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois%3B_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg\/440px-Vue_du_Pavillon_de_Harlem%2C_prise_vis_a_vis_de_Bois%3B_Frederik_Christiaan_Bierweiler_%281815%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"171\" data-file-width=\"7305\" data-file-height=\"5680\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<p>Villa Welgelegen in 1815<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In Haarlem Napoleon visited the <a title=\"Teylers Museum\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teylers_Museum\">Teylers Museum<\/a> and <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Paviljoen Welgelegen\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paviljoen_Welgelegen\">Paviljoen Welgelegen<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-14\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> On his way south he visited the locks in <a title=\"Katwijk aan Zee\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katwijk_aan_Zee\">Katwijk aan Zee<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-15\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> In Leiden he talked to scientists as <a title=\"Sebald Justinus Brugmans\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sebald_Justinus_Brugmans\">Sebald Justinus Brugmans<\/a>, Gerard Sandifort and <a title=\"Matthijs Siegenbeek\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthijs_Siegenbeek\">Matthijs Siegenbeek<\/a>. In the Hague he met with <a title=\"Cornelis Felix van Maanen\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cornelis_Felix_van_Maanen\">Cornelis Felix van Maanen<\/a>, the president of the Imperial High Court and responsible for introducing the <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Code Napol\u00e9on\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Code_Napol%C3%A9on\">Code Napol\u00e9on<\/a> in the Netherlands. The couple stayed one night in <a title=\"Lange Voorhout Palace\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lange_Voorhout_Palace\">Lange Voorhout Palace<\/a>;<sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-16\">[15]<\/a><\/sup> in Rotterdam in Schielandshuis. Through Gouda, <a title=\"Oudewater\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oudewater\">Oudewater<\/a>, and Utrecht Napoleon arrived on <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Loo Palace\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loo_Palace\">Loo Palace<\/a>. He visited the <a title=\"IJssel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IJssel\">IJssel<\/a>, <a title=\"Hattem\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hattem\">Hattem<\/a>, where <a title=\"Herman Willem Daendels\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herman_Willem_Daendels\">Herman Willem Daendels<\/a>&#8216; wife lived, and Zwolle, together with Oudinot.<sup class='footnote'><a href='#fn-2615-1' id='fnref-2615-1' onclick='return fdfootnote_show(2615)'>1<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;On the last day of October he left Nijmegen and travelled to <a title=\"Wesel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wesel\">Wesel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Before Napoleon arrived a <a title=\"Cadastre\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cadastre\">Cadastre<\/a> and <a title=\"Civil registry\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_registry\">Civil registry<\/a> were introduced. After he left the French tax and juridical system became effective on 1 January 1812. Between 1810-1813 around 35.000 Dutchmen between 20 and 50 were forced to join his <a title=\"Grande Arm\u00e9e\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e\">Grande Arm\u00e9e<\/a> or his fleet; around 25.000 joined Napoleon to Russia.<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-17\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> Most Dutchmen served in the 123rd, 124th, 125th and 126th Regiment d\u2019Infanterie de Ligne, and 33e R\u00e9giment d\u2019Infanterie L\u00e9g\u00e8re.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-18\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Every family had to choose a <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Last name\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Last_name\">last name<\/a> before 1 January 1814.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"reference-text\">C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904) Napoleon in Holland, p. 151-152.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historischnieuwsblad.nl\/nl\/artikel\/26626\/stadhouder-van-napoleon.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.historischnieuwsblad.nl\/nl\/artikel\/26626\/stadhouder-van-napoleon.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"reference-text\">S. Schama, p. 612.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"reference-text\">C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904), p. 5-6.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"reference-text\">C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904), p. 5-6.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"reference-text\">S. Schama, p. 618.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Simon Schama, p. 613.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.isgeschiedenis.nl\/archiefstukken\/de-keizer-brandt-zijn-vingers-in-broek-in-waterland\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.isgeschiedenis.nl\/archiefstukken\/de-keizer-brandt-zijn-vingers-in-broek-in-waterland\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"reference-text\">C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904), p. 119.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"reference-text\">C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904), p. 143.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"reference-text\">C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904), p. 159.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Homan, G.D. (1978), p. 133.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.teylersmuseum.eu\/index.php?item=119&amp;page=53\" rel=\"nofollow\">Napoleon in Haarlem<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/ifthenisnow.nl\/nl\/pointsofinterest\/katwijkse-uitwatering-katwijk-aan-zee\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ifthenisnow.nl\/nl\/pointsofinterest\/katwijkse-uitwatering-katwijk-aan-zee<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/ifthenisnow.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/napoleon_in_den_haag.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/ifthenisnow.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/napoleon_in_den_haag.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"reference-text\">Homan, G.D. (1978), p. 140, 143.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.friezen-onder-napoleon.nl\/Pages\/pagina_legeronderdelen.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.friezen-onder-napoleon.nl\/Pages\/pagina_legeronderdelen.htm<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Notes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Notes<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"reference-text\">In January 1810 the southern part of the Netherlands was already split up into <a title=\"Deux-N\u00e8thes\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deux-N%C3%A8thes\">Deux-N\u00e8thes<\/a>, <a title=\"Meuse-Inf\u00e9rieure\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meuse-Inf%C3%A9rieure\">Meuse-Inf\u00e9rieure<\/a> (1795), <a title=\"Bouches-de-l'Escaut\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouches-de-l%27Escaut\">Bouches-de-l&#8217;Escaut<\/a>, and <a title=\"Bouches-du-Rhin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouches-du-Rhin\">Bouches-du-Rhin<\/a>, but the latter two not part of &#8220;Hollande&#8221;. For the sake of completeness the earlier formed departments <a title=\"Roer (department)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roer_%28department%29\">Roer<\/a> (1795) and <a title=\"Escaut (department)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escaut_%28department%29\">Escaut<\/a> have to be mentioned too.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Napoleon_in_Holland&amp;printable=yes#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Sources\" class=\"mw-headline\">Sources<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Gijsberti Hodenpijl, C.F. (1904) Napoleon in Holland.<\/li>\n<li>Homan, G.D. (1978) Nederland in de Napoleontische Tijd 1795-1815.<\/li>\n<li>Joor, J. (2000) De Adelaar en het Lam. Onrust, opruiing en onwilligheid in Nederland ten tijde van het Koninkrijk Holland en de Inlijving bij het Franse Keizerrijk (1806\u20131813), p.&nbsp;503-510.<\/li>\n<li>Schama, S. (1987) Patriots and Liberators. Revolution in the Netherlands 1780 &#8211; 1830. Chapter 13 &#8220;Babylon Undone&#8221; 1810-1813.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"External_links\" class=\"mw-headline\">External links<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/vestinghellevoetsluis.nl\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=114:inspectiereis-napoleon-1811&amp;catid=64:keizerlijk-leger-1810-1813&amp;Itemid=86\" rel=\"nofollow\">Inspectiereis Napoleon 1811<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kaayman.nl\/images\/pdf\/ELS040_022%20NAPOLEON.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Napoleon bezoekt Nederland<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historischnieuwsblad.nl\/nl\/artikel\/27343\/napoleon-in-nederland.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Napoleon in Nederland<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl\/english\/amsterdam_treasures\/history\/napoleon\/index.en.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Napoleon in Amsterdam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/ifthenisnow.nl\/sites\/default\/files\/napoleon-noord_holland_in_1811.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Napoleon in de polder<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cBvjxryz5xw\" rel=\"nofollow\">Napoleon in Nederland<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px\/20px 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c no-repeat scroll 3px 50% \/ 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='footnotes' id='footnotes-2615'>\n<div class='footnotedivider'><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li id='fn-2615-1'> D&#8217;Aupias, Memoire Historique, Anecdotique et Militaire de la Campagne de 1812, faitte par les Fran\u00e7ais en Pologne et en Russie (1813) <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2615-1'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_2615\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2615\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>End September 1811 Napoleon I visited the former Kingdom of Holland; he explained to Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt his goals: a war at sea with England, to form a government, and ordering the &#8220;Routes imp\u00e9riales&#8221;.[1] &nbsp; Napoleon in Amsterdam by Charles Rochussen Contents &nbsp;[hide]&nbsp; 1 Holland as part of the First French Empire 2 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/napoleon-in-holland\/\" class=\"more-link\">Lees verder <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Napoleon in Holland<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_2615\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2615\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2615","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Napoleon in Holland - Taco Tichelaar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/napoleon-in-holland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Napoleon in Holland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"End September 1811 Napoleon I visited the former Kingdom of Holland; he explained to Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt his goals: a war at sea with England, to form a government, and ordering the &#8220;Routes imp\u00e9riales&#8221;.[1] &nbsp; Napoleon in Amsterdam by Charles Rochussen Contents &nbsp;[hide]&nbsp; 1 Holland as part of the First French Empire 2 &hellip; Lees verder Napoleon in Holland &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tacotichelaar.nl\/wordpress\/napoleon-in-holland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Taco Tichelaar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taco.tichelaar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-03T05:50:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\/220px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Geschatte leestijd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/\",\"name\":\"Napoleon in Holland - Taco Tichelaar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\/wikipedia\\\/commons\\\/thumb\\\/b\\\/bb\\\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\\\/220px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-09-16T03:29:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-03T05:50:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\/wikipedia\\\/commons\\\/thumb\\\/b\\\/bb\\\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\\\/220px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/upload.wikimedia.org\\\/wikipedia\\\/commons\\\/thumb\\\/b\\\/bb\\\/SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\\\/220px-SA_4959-Anno_1811._Napoleon_in_Amsterdam.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/napoleon-in-holland\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Napoleon in Holland\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/\",\"name\":\"Taco Tichelaar\",\"description\":\"geschiedenis, huisonderzoek\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9507958c5bf79d94fffc2702606bc3a6\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tacotichelaar.nl\\\/wordpress\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9507958c5bf79d94fffc2702606bc3a6\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"nl-NL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a49b40cf75021306b5946fce4549f64c43bfe4038dec77cf518111eb1b9e3f77?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\"},\"description\":\"My hobby is house and occupant research of canal houses in Amsterdam. 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